Archive for July 2010

Dilaudid What it is and why a Dr. would prescribe it

jerry asked:




Dilaudid

Dilaudid is the brand name of a strong analgesic prescribed for relief from pain and sometimes from cough. The generic name is Hydromorphone, which belongs to the family of narcotic pain relievers.  Also known as opioids, this narcotic pain reliever has effects similar to morphine. Dilaudid is available as an injection, in tablet, rectal suppository, as well as liquid forms. Taken in any of the mentioned forms, Dilaudid needs to be administered with caution, as overdoses may prove hazardous.

The dosage of opioid analgesics is individualized for each patient, as complete relief may not take place when adverse events occur. After comprehensive assessment of the nature of the pain -its severity, etiology, frequency, and pathophysiology- the doctor decides on a dosage in concurrence to the medical status of the patient.

Usually prescribed for immediate relief from continuous pain, the drug is injected into the buttock, hip or any large muscle, into an intravenous fluid that will enter the vein dripping through a needle or through a catheter placed under your skin or in the vein.  The oral form of Dilaudid contains hydromorphone hydrochloride, plus other ingredients such as purified water, propylparaben, methylparaben, glycerin, and sucrose.

Oral dosage of Dilaudid for adults ranges from 2.5 ml to two teaspoonfuls every 3 to 6 hours. However, higher dosages may be prescribed by the doctor depending on the patient’s clinical condition. In the tablet form, Dilaudid 2 mg, 4 mg and 8 mg. The usual starting dose is 2 mg to 4 mg tablet taken orally once every 4 to 6 hours. Caution and careful clinical evaluation is required when 8 mg tablets are prescribed. If the analgesia proves to be inadequate, the doctor may suggest a gradual increase in dosage. Inadequacy of analgesia can occur due to increase in the severity of pain or as tolerance develops.

For patients who are non-opioid-tolerant, hydromorphone therapy is typically initiated with 2-4 mg tablet, every four hours with an exception to elderly patients who require lower doses. Patients receiving opioids need varied doses of analgesia and the duration also varies according to the patient’s opioid tolerance. Since hydromorphone affects patients with hepatic and renal impairment, a very low dose should be started on and increased, depending on the severity of the problem.

Frequently observed side effects in patients taking Dilaudid include light-headedness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, flushing, dry mouth, dysphoria, euphoria, and pruritus. Other side effects seen are respiratory depression, apnea, shock, circulatory depression, respiratory arrest, and sometimes cardiac arrest. There have also been reports of CNS such as agitation, weakness, headache, uncoordinated muscle movements, tremor, mood swings; cardiovascular effects such as bradycardia, palpitation, chills, tachycardia, faintness, hypertension, syncope and hypotension; gastrointestinal adverse effects like diarrhea, constipation, biliary tract spasm, cramps, ileus, anorexia, and taste alteration. Respiratory depression is a common side effect among the elderly, the incapacitated, and those suffering from conditions linked with hypoxia and hypercapnia.

Before taking Dilaudid, patients must inform the doctor about any present or planned pregnancy or surgery. Even in the case of a dental surgery or sterilization, the patient must inform the doctor about his use of Dilaudid. The patient’s nature of job should be known to the doctor, as the drowsiness caused by the drug could prove risky for car drivers and operators of large and heavy machinery. Also inform the doctor about:

Any prescription and nonprescription medications the patient may be taking Any kidney, liver, thyroid or heart disease Seizures, asthma, or bronchitis Prostatic hypertrophy; or urinary problems. Pregnant- present or planned Nursing infants

Patients receiving Dilaudid need to look out and inform the doctor, for the following symptoms of catheter-related infection:

tenderness warmth irritation drainage redness swelling pain

Dilaudid belongs to the family of opioid analgesics and can cause psychological and physical dependence. In patients who abruptly discontinue the drug, withdrawal symptoms are common.  Similar to other opioid agonists, Dilaudid can also be abused or misused. This morphine-type drug is sought by people with addiction disorders, drug abusers and those subject to criminal diversion. Prescribers of Dilaudid should monitor patients for signs of abuse, addiction and misuse. Though administration of Dilaudid is allowed in people with a personal or family history of alchohol or drug abuse and mental illness, intensive monitoring is required to detect signs of misuse or abuse.



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The Pain-Killer Addiction Cycle

Chy King asked:




It’s not just meth or heroin or even marijuana that’s becoming a grave threat to society. Even pain killers have joined the list.

The increasing abuse and addiction of pain killers which are supposed to provide relief from chronic pain is common today. According to studies made in 2002 by the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, more than two million people in America take pain killers illegally every year.

Painkiller dependency begins following the occurrence of common injuries or certain pain relief requiring health conditions and surgery. These may include having slipped and fallen, having strained a muscle, headaches or migraines, or diseases like arthritis. Having been in a car accident or recovery from surgery also requires one to take in pain killers to ease off discomfort from muscle pains and aches.

Whether it is acute, chronic or traumatic pain, medications are necessary in order to manage the pain. But the problem with this is that what starts out to be a tool for providing relief from discomfort or soreness will prove to be fatal once painkiller dependence persists.

From weeks or months after recovery from a surgical procedure or an injury is achieved, some patients continue to rely on the drug to relieve them from pain instead of learning to get by without it. Patients will then take higher doses than what was originally prescribed, because the initial dose is now believed to be inadequate for pain management. Thus, a higher dosage is deemed appropriate in order to achieve desired pain relief level.

The result? Pain does not cease, it increases as well as the need to frequently take in more amounts of painkillers. Painkiller addiction or abuse starts to progress, which will prove to be fatal for the user. Lethal effects include a damaged liver and the plausibility of going into shock once painkiller abuse is abruptly stopped.

Pain killer addiction is not a surprising phenomenon, since pain killers are classified under the label opiates. Opiates are drugs that while chemically designed to cause receptors in the brain to block pain, also produce feelings of euphoria. Once the addiction sets in, the user is trapped. What seems so harmless at first becomes potentially lethal.

There are advanced treatments being produced for Opiate Dependency. A new drug called Buprenorphine has been released into the market. It is a controlled substance that provides pain relief but is less addictive, allowing total withdrawal from all types of prescription drug use without having to replace the old addiction with another.

Following this drug therapy, pain killer users should be provided with special care so these cases do not escalate any further.

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Olive Oil – Real or Fake – Who Decides?

Kelly Martinez asked:




The evidence is overwhelming – Real extra virgin olive oil not only enhances the taste of food but is good for you, consider the following headlines:

Olive oil ‘acts like painkiller’ – BBC Mediterranean Diet Adds Years to Your Life (high intake of … olive oil) – MedicalNewsToday.com Oleic Acid Key to Olive Oil’s Anti-Cancer Effect – Reuters.com

However, there is a dark side – fraud in the olive oil marketplace:

Olive oil’s slippery supply line – denverpost.com Extra Virgin Olive Oil – Are You Getting What You Pay For? – ABC News 7Online “A clear case of fraud ….. almost all of the virgin and extra virgin olive oil produced by large commercial Italian olive oil plants” Italianfood.about.com “of 73 olive oils … in the U.S. Only 4 per cent were pure olive oil. The rest were adulterated” – New York Times

The health benefits of extra virgin olive oil only apply to real extra virgin olive oil and not to fraudulently mislabeled products.

As most olive oil consumers know, the price of real extra virgin olive oil has risen dramatically. At the same time the quality of the products being offered has deteriorated dramatically. Logic would dictate that a significant percentage of olive oil consumers would prefer real extra virgin olive oil instead of the over-priced, mislabeled and adulterated products that have flooded the market.

However the olive oil consumer’s freedom to choose their product is limited to what is actually offered.
Food importers, distributors. brokers and retailers essentially decide between two types of products when it comes to the distribution of olive oil: A) A cheap mixed product or B) Real extra virgin olive oil:

A) Mixed products have no guarantee of quality, the paperwork may say ‘extra virgin olive oil’ but what is in the bottle is pomace, canola or some other cheap refined oil. Mixed products have no quality stated or implied, they are entirely price sensitive. So the distributor, broker, importer or retailer needs to constantly offer either the cheapest product or be very close to it for fear that at some point their supply will disappear and they will be undersold due to the market realities of working with this type of product.

This is where the consumer gets cheated – the labeling does not accurately reflect what is in the bottle. Take for example ‘light olive oil’ – what is ‘light’ olive oil? Olive oil made from ‘light’ olives? Light olive oil is 95% pomace, canola or some other cheap oil mixed in with 5% virgin olive oil. It stretches the imagination to think that olive oil consumers demand this type of product.

B) Real extra virgin olive oil obviously costs more to produce than the cheap, mixed products. But olive oil consumers benefit because they get what they pay for – the product. Real extra virgin olive oil is always that – real extra virgin olive oil – the product, the quality does not vary. Olive oil consumers always get what they want and what they pay for – the flavor enhancing attributes and all of the health benefits of real extra virgin olive oil.

It should be noted that due to current market factors, the price difference between real extra virgin olive oil and the cheap mixes has pretty much closed and in some cases is now inverted. Real extra virgin olive oil being less expensive than the cheap mixes.

So, who gets to decide what olive oil consumers consume?
We believe that this decision belongs to the consumer. Olive oil consumers should demand real extra virgin olive oil.

Kelly Martinez
Antonio Celentano Extra Virgin Olive Oil – http://www.antoniocelentano.com

Antonio Celentano Extra Virgin Olive Oil is extracted from locally grown olives, bottled on site in C?rdoba, Spain and most importantly 100% real extra virgin olive oil. Please visit: http://www.antoniocelentano.com for product and contact details.

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