Posts tagged ‘neck pain’

Neck Pain, Back Pain, Sciatica and Pregnancy – The Back Pain Complex, Causes and Treatment

John Zajaros asked:




The back pain complex, to include neck pain, back pain and sciatica, is one of the most common complaints among mothers-to-be during pregnancy. The spine is made up of two primary and two secondary curvatures. The secondary curvature of the lumbar region is most affected during pregnancy. The lumbar curvature, established after birth and responsible for our ability to walk upright, comes under tremendous pressure during pregnancy. Back pain is quite common during pregnancy with as many as 80% of all women experiencing neck pain, back pain and/or sciatica in varying degrees. The back pain complex is expressed from mild to acute and may become chronic if not properly addressed. We will discuss some of the reasons why back pain is so prevalent during pregnancy and offer a few solutions, as well.

While women with previous back problems are at greater risk for neck pain, back pain and sciatica, it is common among all women beginning as early as two months and continuing through, and well after, the completion of the pregnancy. During pregnancy the body produces a number of hormones, some in much higher quantities than typically found. One of the principal hormones having the most dramatic impact during pregnancy is called Relaxin. Relaxin’s function it is to make the ligaments associated with birth, and the pelvis aperture itself, softer and more pliable. The reasons for this are obvious, it is vitally important for the baby, particularly the baby’s cranium or skull, to be able to pass through the birth canal with relative ease, Relaxin makes this possible. Additionally, as the uterus grows and weight shifts forward, the center of gravity changes and the relaxation of the uterine ligaments impacts the spine and the surrounding musculature. The core muscles, to include key abdominal muscles, spinal muscles, and para-vertebral muscles, are also stretched and taxed beyond normal capabilities. The combination of hormonal and structural factors often contribute to varying degrees of neck pain, back pain, and sciatica.

Obesity, always a significant factor in diagnosing and treating the back pain complex, becomes an even greater issue during pregnancy. Normal weight gain, not to be confused with obesity, may also negatively affect mothers-to-be. The combination of an exaggerated spinal curvature, called lordosis in the lumbar region, a shift in the center of gravity, additional weight carried forward, and a weaker core muscle complex are also contributory factors. The core muscles, as well as other synergistic muscle groups, may be strengthened through a program of exercise and stretching. It must be recognized that back pain during pregnancy is the rule rather than the exception, the challenge is to deal effectively with the underlying cause or causes with an intelligent and individualized treatment program.

Two of the most common back pain expressions during pregnancy, are lumbar pain, centered primarily in the lower back, and posterior pelvic pain, with symptoms very much like those associated with sciatica. The low back or lumbar pain is generally centered in the lower back and may radiate unilaterally, one side, or bilaterally, both sides, across the iliac crest, which is the region to each side of the spine at the upper level of the pelvis. Once again, pain may range from mild to acute and grow increasingly intense the deeper into the pregnancy the mother-to-be is. Back pain in this region is exacerbated by extended periods of standing, particularly in one place, sitting for long periods of time, and by poor posture, as in the old military idea of “stomach and chest out” which simply does not work for obvious reasons. Posterior pelvic pain can be quite severe and may be four to five times more prevalent than any other back pain expression during pregnancy. Posterior pelvic pain, as noted above, may be indistinguishable in its expression from sciatica. Pelvic pain may be felt as a deep ache or even a burning sensation, may radiate across the buttocks and into the legs, unilaterally or bilaterally, and in its worst configuration or state may also be felt in the feet and toes, very much like sciatica. The biggest distinction between posterior pelvic pain and sciatica is that posterior pelvic pain is more commonly experienced bilaterally. Sciatica, on the other hand, is generally a unilateral expression affecting the buttocks, legs, feet, and toes.

While quite common, neck pain, back pain and/or sciatica, including posterior pelvic pain, should not be taken lightly. If the back pain complex is not addressed properly, it may have negative consequences throughout the pregnancy and felt in virtually every aspect of the new mom’s life. It is not uncommon for women who experience severe back pain throughout the pregnancy to continue to have problems well into the post partum period. Pregnancy can be, and usually is, a wonderful time in both the family’s life and in the life of the mother-to-be. However, if back pain is not addressed it may have a negative impact during and afterwards, in some cases for years after the pregnancy.

As noted above, there may be a myriad of causes and consequences associated with the back pain complex, as it relates to pregnancy. An intelligent, individualized, and medically supervised program of exercise and stretching is not only advisable it is absolutely necessary. Certain exercises, such as the pelvic tilt and crunches, at least until the latter stages of the pregnancy, may be appropriate and advisable. However, it is usually the case that such self-treatment programs of exercise are not only misguided but fail to achieve any real and lasting relief or benefit. Additionally, because of the shift in the center of gravity and the exacerbated lumbar curvature, a complete program focusing on the core muscles may be the best approach. Improper posture, standing for long periods of time, sitting for long periods, and even remaining inactive for extended periods of time may have a negative impact, ultimately leading to even greater pain. Finally, it is advisable for pregnant women, particularly those who work deep into the pregnancy or have other children, to take special care when lifting anything heavy. Because of the number of physiological and anatomical changes that take place during pregnancy, a program that seeks to strengthen the musculature and to improve endurance, so fatigue doesn’t lead to other problems and injuries, should be initiated as soon as possible. Only through a comprehensive program of treatment and exercise can a prospective mom hope alleviate or eliminate neck pain, back pain, and sciatica.

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Tension Headaches In Adults And Adolescents

Alyssa Nair asked:




Tension headaches are one of the most common forms of headaches and are more likely to occur in adults and adolescents also statistics show that they are 40% more likely to occur in women than men which could be because woman tend to worry more about the family, bills and overall health. Tension headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress and are not associated with structural abnormalities in the brain.

What are Some Causes of Tension Headaches?

Tension headaches are often a response to stress, anxiety, and emotional conflict in a person’s life. Many occur when you already have a migraine headache and often in the middle of the day which just adds fuel to the fire, causing a more intense pain. They can last for a few hours, several days, weeks, or even months.

What are the symptoms of a tension headache?

While symptoms may differ, the following are common symptoms that you could experience: pain on both sides of your head around the temple area, neck pain, change in vision, numbness or tingling in your arms or legs, a sudden fever or vomiting, blurred vision, headaches that seem to be increasing in intensity or frequency over time, difficulty walking or speaking and a thunderclap headache or a headache associated with loss of consciousness. These symptoms could resemble other conditions or medical problems and could be severe, so please notify your doctor immediately if you have any of the symptoms above. Tension headache symptoms are very different from a migraine headache so let’s determine how they differ. A migraine headache is usually a pulsating type of pain where tension headache symptoms are a continuous pain that can last for weeks or months.

Medications

Managing a tension headache is often a balance between fostering healthy habits, finding effective herbal treatments and using medications appropriately. Rebound headaches may occur from overuse of analgesic medications. Caffeine and codeine containing medications should be avoided in cases a chronic tension headache occurs and due to the risk of overuse in medication which could cause a rebound headache. Your health care provider may prescribe one or more of the following medications.

Analgesics – These medications reduce the pain of a tension headache.

Muscle Relaxants – These medications aid in relaxation by causing sedation and decreasing anxiety. They have little or no direct effect on relaxing the muscles of the head and neck that contribute to the headache. Some of these medications can become addictive.

Tension headaches are sometimes related to contraction or spasm in the muscles of the head and neck and can come from bad posture or stress, which causes tightening of the muscles in the neck and the scalp. Make sure you understand what is causing your headaches because if either depression or anxiety plays an underlying roll that you should seek treatment right away. Even if your tension headaches are responding nicely to over-the-counter pain medications, look at whether other triggers are contributing to your headache and try and find a natural way of helping your tension headaches.



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Cervical Nerve Root Neck Pain Treatment by Physiotherapy

Jonathan Blood-Smyth asked:




Severe neck pain with pain radiation into the arm and hand is usually the result of a herniated disc or a traumatic injury causing the nerve exit to be compromised, compressing the nerve. Most commonly affected are the C6 nerve in 25% of cases and the C7 nerve in 60%. About 25% of arm pains are from an acute prolapsed disc. In older people the cause is more likely to be narrowing of the exit channel from bony outgrowths, disc bulging, ligament infolding and arthritic enlargement of the facet joints. Physiotherapists routinely assess and treat this kind of neck pain.

Factors making nerve root pain more likely are routine lifting of weights above 25 pounds (12 kilograms), driving or operating vibrating machinery and smoking. Cervical radiculopathy is not common and occurs much less frequently than lumbar root lesions such as sciatica.

There can be many reasons for the onset of nerve root neck pain or it can come on slowly without clear reason. If the neck is moved backwards, tipped to one side and rotated to the same side this can sharply narrow the nerve exit space and injure the nerve, occurring in a traumatic accident or a sporting injury. The opposite can occur with a quick side bend, combined with flexion or extension, tractioning the nerve and causing injury. Sudden loading of the neck in any posture can cause disc prolapse. There may be degenerative changes in an older group and with repetitive or sustained neck postures an osteophyte can impinge the nerve and give a slower development of arm pain.

The onset of cervical radiculopathy can be insidious without obvious cause or after an incident. During sport or trauma like a fall the neck can be extended back, bent to one side and rotated, suddenly narrowing the exit for the nerve and compressing it, causing an injury. Or a sudden bend to the opposite side with either cervical flexion or extension can traction the nerve on the one side with consequent injury again. If there is a sudden load on the cervical spine, in any position, it’s possible for a disc prolapse to occur. If there are osteophytes present in an older person, sustaining or repeating extension with rotation may cause nerve irritation with a slower onset.

People with root pain look tired due to poor sleep, don’t find anything funny and guard their arm in a protective posture against the abdomen or hold it out to the side with their hand on the back of their neck or the other side of the head. This may reduce the forces through the inflamed nerve root and so reduce pain.

A postural abnormality is often present with the neck held side flexed or rotated away from the painful side. Examination by the physiotherapist includes recording any muscle spasm, checking reflexes, sensibility and muscle power, any combined movements which might aggravate the pain and any easing factors such as manual traction. Acupuncture and cervical epidural injections of steroids may be useful if physiotherapy cannot reduce the pain sufficiently.

Posture is usually abnormal with the head tilted away from the painful side and the neck held stiffly with reduced ranges of movement. The physio notes the muscle spasm and tests the muscle power to determine which nerve root is affected, looks for sensory and reflex loss and notes which combination of movements are provocative and if manual traction reduces symptoms.

Reducing the pain and inflammation is the first goal of treatment and the physiotherapist can employ analgesics such as NSAIDs, cryotherapy, mechanical or manual traction and avoidance of aggravating activities and postures. Limiting the forces transmitted through the nerve root is an overall goal of management, using a collar to reduce neck movement, a cervical pillow or collar at night and manual traction from the physio to distract the joints. After the acute phase has settled physiotherapy concentrates on regaining neck movement and muscle power, starting with isometric exercises and moving on to isotonic and exercises for multiple muscle groups. Long term adherence to a regime of aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening and stretching may be useful.

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